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Go to Editorial ManagerThis study analyzes homicide data in the United States from 1980 to 2014 using machine learning techniques to predict crime resolution and classify victim gender. The dataset, obtained from the FBI Supplementary Homicide Report, contains 638,454 records. Data preprocessing involved cleaning, converting categorical features to numerical values, and addressing class imbalance using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). Various classification algorithms were applied, including Decision Tree and Naïve Bayes. The results showed that the Decision Tree model achieved 95% accuracy in predicting crime resolution and 85% accuracy in classifying victim gender, while Naïve Bayes reached 92% accuracy in crime resolution prediction. The findings highlight the effectiveness of machine learning in crime pattern analysis and prediction, aiding law enforcement in making more informed investigative decisions.
In the period of digital transformation, oil companies have to cope with management of huge volume staff data from different parts company everything from management, maintenance, engineering and geology to drill teams at heart workers front line standpoint. This research presents a complete study of big data accuracy and classification improvement in K-means Clustering Learning (KCL) management for 20,000 employees in an oil company. Data were auto-generated according to global standards and technical specifications. The data tables for formwork of human resources bars were 90% prepared by file laziness. In fact, the test kernel used in this research is also based on this data. The study focuses on important problems of work such as raising data quality and classification of employees according to various factors including practical experience, education levels technical expertise, competence achieved in performance evaluations (which may change over time) or safety training hours. Our methodology incorporates advanced preprocessing techniques, feature engineering and hyper parameter optimization in order to achieve better classification accuracy. The experimental results show that the optimized KNN algorithm is capable of 94.2 percent accuracy for employee classification, which represents a significant bat improvement over the traditional method. This research offers practical lessons for oil companies employing machine learning techniques in human resources management and improved operational efficiency learning and operational efficiency.
As Internet of Things (IoT) devices continue to spread, they also create many new entry points for cyberattacks. Traditional security methods struggle to keep up, which makes smarter and more adaptive defenses necessary. This paper introduces an Artificial Intelligence (AI)–driven threat intelligence framework designed to improve intrusion detection in diverse IoT networks. The framework combines Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models to detect malicious activity more accurately across different types of network traffic. To evaluate the approach, three widely used benchmark datasets—UNSW-NB15, CIC-IDS2017, and IoT-Botnet—were used. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model performs very well. It achieved 97% accuracy, a 0.95 F1-score, and a 0.98 Receiver Operating Characteristic – Area Under the Curve (ROC-AUC) on the UNSW-NB15 dataset, outperforming traditional ML models such as Random Forest, which reached 94% accuracy. While DL models provided better detection performance and stronger generalization, ML models proved to be much faster, with nearly three times lower inference latency—about 3 milliseconds per network flow. This makes them more suitable for real-time deployment at the IoT edge, where computing resources are limited. Overall, the proposed hybrid approach strikes a practical balance between detection accuracy and processing speed, offering a scalable and robust foundation for AI-based IoT threat intelligence in real-world environments.
The rapid expansion of smart home and smart city technologies has introduced a complex array of interconnected Internet of Things (IoT) devices, exposing both cyber and physical infrastructures to a growing spectrum of security threats. Traditional cybersecurity models are insufficient to address the dynamic and distributed nature of modern cyber-physical environments, particularly in emerging economies where standardized security frameworks are often lacking. This research proposes a unified, hybrid cyber-physical security framework tailored for smart home and smart city IoT systems. Leveraging publicly available datasets such as UNSW-NB15, TON_IoT, and CICIDS2019, we simulate various attack vectors and evaluate a multi-layered intrusion detection system (IDS) that combines both signature-based and anomaly-based machine learning models. The proposed framework is validated using simulated network topologies built with NS-3 and Cooja, focusing on performance metrics including detection accuracy, false-positive rate, and computational overhead. Results demonstrate that our hybrid approach achieves over 95% accuracy in detecting complex multi-stage attacks, while maintaining scalability and adaptability across different IoT environments. The findings contribute to the development of more secure, resilient, and context-aware smart infrastructure systems offering a practical foundation for real-world deployment in smart cities and connected home ecosystems, especially within developing regions such as Iraq.
Microwave photonic filters (MPFs) have been suggested as one solution to high-speed tunable wideband radio-frequency (RF) signal processing possessing unique characteristics relative to their all-electronic counterparts (or equivalents), both in bandwidth and tunability and insensitivity to electromagnetic interference. The article is a review of MPF design technologies and applications, and also contains relevant techniques in thermal, electrical and optical tuning as well as new methods founded on stimulated Brillouin scattering, optical frequency combs, and micro-ring resonators. The survey focuses on programmable optical processors, including liquid-crystal-on-silicon designs, arrayed waveguide gratings, and cascaded resonator designs, as arbitrary filters synthesis. Critical consideration is done on performance metrics which include bandwidth, selectivity, out-of-band rejection and tuning range, energy efficiency and other practical factors like stability in the environment and complexity of fabrication. The latest advances in reconfiguration with the help of artificial intelligence and machine learning are presented, and their significance in the optimization of adaptive and predictive filters is also highlighted. The paper also discusses the current constraints such as integration, power consumption, and environmental sensitivity and has provided directions of future achievability of compact, low-power and ultrafast and highly flexible MPFs to next-generation RF communication, radio-over-fiber, and cognitive radio systems. The survey should be used as a source of reference to the researchers and engineers who seek to improve the development, testing, and real-life application of the state of art technologies in the field of microwave photonic filtering.
The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has drawn significant attention from both industry and academia, driven by the integration of cloud computing, big data analytics, machine learning, and cyber-physical systems in manufacturing. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), long central to industrial control systems, have evolved from basic feedback control devices to advanced components capable of networking and data exchange through IoT technologies. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to intelligent automation systems that continuously monitor critical parameters and respond to changes in real time. The integration of IoT with PLCs is transforming industrial automation by enabling remote real-time monitoring, data-driven decision-making, and predictive maintenance through advanced analytics. IIoT technologies enhance manufacturing performance and offer strategic value across sectors. Understanding their impact involves examining current research, including technology assessments and application-based case studies. This study provides an overview of PLC systems evolving into IIoT frameworks, with a focus on implementing proportional-integral (PI) control using the Siemens S7-300. Designed for precise and consistent temperature regulation, this approach enhances process efficiency and product quality, making it highly suitable for industrial and manufacturing environments.
The integration of Deep Learning (DL) techniques with the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in the advancement of smart healthcare systems. Numerous recent studies have investigated the convergence of these technologies, demonstrating their potential in improving healthcare delivery, patient monitoring, and clinical decision-making. The ongoing evolution of Industry 5.0 in parallel with the deployment of 5G communication networks has further facilitated the development of intelligent, cost-effective, and highly responsive sensors. These innovations enable continuous and real-time monitoring of patients’ health conditions, a capability that was not feasible within the constraints of traditional healthcare models. Smart health monitoring systems have thus introduced significant improvements in terms of speed, affordability, reliability, and accessibility of medical services, particularly in remote or underserved regions. Moreover, the application of Deep Learning and Machine Learning algorithms in health data analysis has played a pivotal role in achieving preventive healthcare, reducing mortality risks, and enabling personalized treatment strategies. Such methods have also enhanced the early detection of chronic diseases, which previously posed considerable diagnostic challenges. To further optimize scalability and cost-efficiency, cloud computing and distributed storage solutions have been incorporated, ensuring secure and real-time data availability. This review therefore provides a comprehensive perspective on smart healthcare innovations, emphasizing the role of intelligent systems, recent advancements, and persisting challenges in the domain of digital health monitoring.