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Go to Editorial ManagerPredictive maintenance (PdM) is a key enabler of reliability and cost reduction in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems. However, conventional centralized learning approaches require raw data aggregation, raising serious concerns regarding data privacy, communication overhead, and single points of failure. Federated Learning (FL) addresses part of this challenge by enabling distributed model training, yet centralized FL architectures still rely on a central aggregator. This paper proposes a decentralized federated learning (DFL) framework based on a ring topology for multi-class predictive maintenance in IIoT environments. The proposed approach enables collaborative model training among distributed edge nodes without relying on a central server, thereby enhancing system robustness, scalability, and data privacy. A lightweight deep neural network (DNN) is employed to classify five machine operating states using multi-sensor data, including vibration, temperature, and current measurements. Extensive experiments are conducted using a real-world sensor dataset collected from three-phase AC motors under multiple fault conditions. The performance of the proposed DFL approach is systematically compared against a non-federated baseline and a centralized FL (CFL) scheme. Experimental results demonstrate that the decentralized framework achieves clas-sification performance comparable to centralized FL, with an accuracy of up to 99.83%, while eliminating the dependency on a central coordinator. The findings confirm the feasibility of decentralized federated learning for predictive maintenance applica-tions, particularly in distributed industrial settings where data privacy, fault tolerance, and communication efficiency are critical.
With the rapid popularization of 5G edge communication systems, their decentralized architecture and the ultra-large attack surface brought by massive access devices have created severe network security challenges. Although current artificial intelligence-based intrusion detection systems and conventional federated learning schemes can achieve high intrusion detection accuracy, they universally suffer from two major limitations: excessive computational overhead and vulnerability to poisoning attacks, which make them unable to adapt to resource-constrained edge deployment environments. To address this issue, this paper proposes a lightweight anti-poisoning federated learning framework for low-latency secure 5G edge communications, with two core design elements: First, it integrates lightweight GRU/CNN models and a trust-aware aggregation mechanism to weaken the negative impact of malicious model updates; second, it introduces a deviation-based poisoning detection strategy to identify and filter adversarial updates during the federated learning process. We used the public CICIDS2017 dataset to complete tests in a simulated 5G edge environment equipped with 100 to 1000 edge devices, covering multiple scenarios including DDoS, MITM, and poisoning attacks. The results show that compared with existing similar schemes, the proposed framework reaches a maximum detection accuracy of 98.3\%, reduces communication latency by 30-35\%, cuts computational overhead by 40-60\%, and sees only a negligible drop in accuracy under poisoning attacks. It can support a wide range of real-time 5G edge applications such as intelligent transportation, smart cities, and the industrial Internet of Things.
As Internet of Things (IoT) devices continue to spread, they also create many new entry points for cyberattacks. Traditional security methods struggle to keep up, which makes smarter and more adaptive defenses necessary. This paper introduces an Artificial Intelligence (AI)–driven threat intelligence framework designed to improve intrusion detection in diverse IoT networks. The framework combines Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models to detect malicious activity more accurately across different types of network traffic. To evaluate the approach, three widely used benchmark datasets—UNSW-NB15, CIC-IDS2017, and IoT-Botnet—were used. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model performs very well. It achieved 97% accuracy, a 0.95 F1-score, and a 0.98 Receiver Operating Characteristic – Area Under the Curve (ROC-AUC) on the UNSW-NB15 dataset, outperforming traditional ML models such as Random Forest, which reached 94% accuracy. While DL models provided better detection performance and stronger generalization, ML models proved to be much faster, with nearly three times lower inference latency—about 3 milliseconds per network flow. This makes them more suitable for real-time deployment at the IoT edge, where computing resources are limited. Overall, the proposed hybrid approach strikes a practical balance between detection accuracy and processing speed, offering a scalable and robust foundation for AI-based IoT threat intelligence in real-world environments.